Sunday, May 17, 2020
Career Pl Procurement And Supply Chain Management
Career Plan: Procurement and Supply Chain management My major in the course is chain supply management. I plan to use the education gained in supply chain management to build my career in procurement to develop my skills and improve the procurement process. In my post bachelorette degree, I intend to take professional trainings in procurement, gain more experience and build more expertise in procurement. This is aimed at helping organizations simplify the procurement function and make it effective and efficient. This is because I understand that the supply chain management is one of the most centralized and pivotal process. Therefore, I plan to learn more about supply chain management, the building of procurement relationships with third parties, try to think about how to improve the procurement quality, and building competitive procurement processes. Supply Chain Management I plan to study supply chain management in detail to ensure I have all the knowledge, skills and expertise that will make that profession more efficient in delivery and also more relevant in an organization. After my post bachelorette degree, I will involve myself in leading roles in the development of key processes in an organization to ensure that I procure best results. For this reason, I will study communication skills because it is a vital tool in ensuring that I gain the right leadership practices in an organization. Currently I have good communication skills and I can use both English and ChineseShow MoreRelatedThe Marine Corps Directives System Study Guide28513 Words à |à 115 Pages1-3 1-11 1-35 In This Study Unit MCI Course 0416B 1-1 Study Unit 1 (This page intentionally left blank.) MCI Course 0416B 1-2 Study Unit 1 LESSON 1 RESPONSIBILITIES Introduction The S-1/Adjutant and the maintenance management officer (MMO) work together to manage the control of publications. Everyone within the command is responsible for the continuous operation of the publications control system. In this first lesson, you will learn about the individual and shared responsibilitiesRead MoreZappos.Com6734 Words à |à 27 PagesZappos.com | Supply Chain Management | Submitted To : Raghuram Jayaraman Submitted By: Kiran Khokhar Divya Jain | Table of Contents S.No. | Content | Page No. | 1. | Agile Supply Chain and its Process | 3 | 2. | E-Business | 10 | 3. | Case Study ââ¬â Zappos.Com | 13 | 4. | Flow Chart | 17 | 5. | Conclusion | 20 | 6. | References | 23 | Agile Supply Chain in the FashionRead MoreManaging the International Value Chain in the Automotive Industry60457 Words à |à 242 PagesManaging the International Value Chain in the Automotive Industry Strategy, Structure, and Culture Stefan Schmid, Philipp Grosche Table of contents Foreword Authors Acknowledgments International value chains: Current trends and future needs, as exemplified by the automotive industry 1. Internationalizationofthevaluechainintheautomotiveindustry 2. Configurationandcoordinationascrucialdimensionsinshapinginternational valuechains 3. BestpracticesandoptionsformanagingtheinternationalvaluechainRead MoreErp Sap Research Paper46896 Words à |à 188 Pages Using MIS 21e à © 2009 Kr oenke, Experiencing MIS à © 2008 Laudon/Laudon, Management Information Systems 10le à © 2007 Laudon/Laudon, Essentials of Management Information Systems 81e à © 2009 Luftman et aI., Managing the IT Resource à © 2004 Malaga, Information Systems Technology à © 2005 McKeen/Smith, IT Strategy in Action à © 2009 McLeod/Schell, Management Information Systems 10le à © 2007 McNurlin/Spr ague, Information Systems Management In Practice 7Ie à © 2006 Miller, MIS Cases: Decision Making with ApplicationRead MoreContemporary I ssues in Management Accounting211377 Words à |à 846 PagesContemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universityââ¬â¢s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoRead MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words à |à 261 PagesLacking Sponsor s Involvement/Ownership #2. Halo Effect (Wrong Man for the Job) #3. Poor HR Management #4. Poor/Inadequate Project Communications #5. Ignoring Project Stakeholders #6. Absence of Risk Management #7. Scope Creep/Unrealistic Expectations ( scope creep: Frequent and uncontrolled changes in the scope or requirements of a project) #8. Lack of Monitoring of Plan #9. Absence of a Project Management Methodology #10. Simple BAD LUCK :) You may feel free to chose any of the above and/orRead MoreThe Essentials of Project Management65719 Words à |à 263 PagesNature release THE ESSENTIALS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT SECOND EDITION The Essentials of Project Management Second Edition Dennis Lock Gower O Dennis Lock 2001 A l rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, l stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher. First published 1996 This edition published by Gower Publishing Limited GowerRead MoreThe Mind of a Marketing Manager26114 Words à |à 105 Pageslast testing the airport market too. rental is still its focus, and indeed it recently spun off its non-automotive businesses that ehow grew with its success - an unlikely portfolio of balloons, footwear, golf courses, hotel nities and prison supplies - to form the Centric Group. â⬠¢plication 4.3 PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS ch products should you have in your portfolio? What are your evaluation criteria to erstand their short- and long-term value potential? Which should you focus on, remove, add? WhatRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words à |à 1314 PagesMurphy New Media Editor: Lauren Sapira Editorial Assistant: Mark Owens Production Management Services: Elm Street Publishing Services Composition Services: Aptara, Inc. This book was typeset in 10/12 Times by Aptara, Inc., and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The paper in this book was manufactured by a mill whose forest management programs include sustained yield harvesting of its timberlands. Sustained yield harvesting
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Essay about The Role of Minor Characters in Medea by...
As the famous Greek playwright Euripides once said: ââ¬Å"Stronger than lovers love is lovers hate. Incurable, in each, the wounds they make.â⬠Such ideas are portrayed in one of him most famous plays, Medea. This play is a fascinating classic centered on the Greek goddess Medea. Despite its recent fame, during his time, Euripides was unpopular since he used what would be considered a ââ¬Ëmodernââ¬â¢ view where he would focus on women, slaves and persons from the lower classes. In the play, Medea commits filicide, which initially appears extremely horrendous, but as the audience is guided through the play, they develop sympathy towards Medea. In order to achieve this empathy and enhance the understanding of Medeaââ¬â¢s pride and ideals, Euripidesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Nurse is also presented as Medeaââ¬â¢s old friends even though she is a slave while Medea is goddess. This representation of a friendship, which crosses social boundaries, makes Medea seem fair and unbiased towards social classes unlike most typical characters in this era where the social clashes would represent a huge problem. Although the Children are not active characters, they still give us much insight into Medeaââ¬â¢s character. Despite the childrenââ¬â¢s fundamental role in the play, they are rarely seen on the stage and have very few lines. This may be due to the fact that children are very hard to control on stage, in most cases they simply do not have the level of discipline required to act. Euripides makes up for this by manifesting the presence of the children by always referring to them through other characters. All of these minor characters encourage sympathy from the audience. The Chorus portrays their compassion towards Medea as they say, ââ¬Å"I heard her voice, I heard that unhappy woman from Colchisâ⬠(p.21), they chiefly portray the extreme sadness and discontent which Medea experiences and the extent of passion she has towards Jason. Similarly, when the Nurse indirectly introduces Medea she first describes her by saying: But now her world has turned to enmity, and wounds her Where her affectionââ¬â¢s deepest. Jason has betrayed His own sons, and my mistress, for a royal bed, For alliance with the king ofShow MoreRelatedEvaluation of Euripides Essay942 Words à |à 4 PagesEvaluation of Euripides Euripides has met the conventions of Attic Tragedy up to a particular extent. Although he was often criticised for his work, he followed the structure and cycles of the traditional tragedy. However, his stance on the themes and ideas set him apart from the other writers. It is unreasonable to compare Euripides with the traditional writers of Attic tragedy without understandingRead MoreMedea And Oedipus Rex1447 Words à |à 6 Pagesothers may seem like a one sided answer. However, upon closer inspection, it is acceptable to say that although some would argue that peopleââ¬â¢s own desires dictate their actions, the influences of others play a more prominent role in how an individual acts. The Greek tragedies ââ¬Å"Medeaâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Oedipus Rexâ⬠are both stories that explore this controversial topic. ââ¬Å"Oedipus Rexâ⬠follows the story of a king named Oedipus. His land is plagued, and the only way to get rid of this plague is to exile the one who killedRead MoreMedeas Transformation1270 Words à |à 6 PagesMedeaââ¬â¢s Transformation Medea is a play featuring a title character who is a very unusual woman. Brad Levettââ¬â¢s essay ââ¬Å"Verbal Autonomy and Verbal Self-Restraint in Euripidesââ¬â¢ Medeaâ⬠exemplifies the thoughts of three authors after discussing how Medea relates to a Greek hero that was invulnerable in all of his body except for one minor spot and/or the play resembling a Greek tragedy that narrated the fate of a warrior after memorable battles. These scholars believed that Medea ââ¬Å"comes into conflict withRead More Medea Essay1762 Words à |à 8 Pages Title of Work: Medea Country/Culture: Greek Literary Period: Classical Type of Literature (genre): Drama/Tragedy Author: Euripides Authorial information: Euripides was born in 484 BC and took up drama at the young age of 25. At most drama competitions, however his plays came in last place until he was about 45 or 50 years old. In his entire life, he wrote 92 plays of which only five received first place awards at competition. Euripides despised women. He had been married twice to unfaithfulRead MoreEssay on The Lives of Athenian Women1880 Words à |à 8 PagesWomen in classical Athens could not have had an extremely enjoyable experience, if we rely on literary sources concerning the roles of women within the Greek polis. The so-called Athenian democracy only benefited a fraction of the entire population. At least half of this population was female, yet women seem to have had very little influence and few official civic rights. `The position of women...is a subject which has provoked much controversy. (Lacey: 1968, 151). Studies concerning theRead MoreBiography of Euripides1861 Words à |à 8 PagesChapter 1: Euripides Biography Part 1: Bob Prescott Euripides lived in a very mysterious time. We know so little about the era in which he lived because of the loss of many ancient manuscripts at the burning of the Library of Alexandria. Given this massive loss of knowledge of the pre-modern world, it is hard to cobble together a full biography of Euripides. There is, however quite a lot of information known about him. This is known due to the fact that Euripides is a character in some of Aristophanesââ¬â¢Read More Importance of the Tutor in Electra1623 Words à |à 7 Pages When delving into a novel, drama or other character-based text, analysts often focus their search around the supposed major characters who seem to most directly affect the work. In considering Electra, however, just as valuable as Orestes, Clytemnestra or Electra herself is a somewhat minor character, the Tutor. This attendant of Orestes emerges only three times and is on stage for less than twenty percent of the spoken lines, yet his role in driving the plot is as great as any. If Aristotle
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Inventors and their inventions free essay sample
Thomas Adams, inventor of chewing gum Mary Anderson, inventor of car windshield wipers Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone Edward Benny, co-inventor of crayons Clarence Birds eye, Inventor of commercial frozen food Joseph-Airman Bombardier, Inventor of the snowmobile Carrier, inventor of all Josephine , inventor of the dishwasher George De Mistral, inventor of Rudolph Diesel, inventor of the diesel engine Marion , inventor of the disposable diaper Richard Drew, inventor of Scotch tapeThomas Edison, inventor of the phonograph, light bulb and motion pictures Douglas C. , inventor of the computer mouse Phil T. , inventor of modern television Benjamin Franklin, inventor of the lightning rod, bifocal glasses, the Franklin stove and the odometer Art Fry, Inventor of Post- , Inventor of -And James Russell, Inventor of the CD (compact disc) Ralph , Inventor of Arthur , inventor of the snow blower Percy Spencer, inventor of the microwave oven Strauss, inventor of blue Jeans Ralph Teeter, inventor of cruise controlEarl Sills Taper, inventor of Wheeler, inventor of the electric fan and , inventors of the airplane , inventor of the Game Boy Adams Sons and Company was formed in 1876 by the glass merchant Thomas Adams (1818-1905) and his two sons. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventors and their inventions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result of experiments in a warehouse of Front Street, Adams made chewing gum that had Chile as an ingredient, large quantities of which had been made available to him by General Antonio De Santa Anna of Mexico, who was in exile in Island and at whose instigation Adams had tried to see the Chile to make rubber.Adams sold the gum with the slogan Adams New York Gum No. 1 Snapping and Stretching. The firm was the nations most prosperous chewing gum company by the end of the century: it built a monopoly in 1899 by merging with the six largest and best-known chewing gum manufacturers in the United States and Canada, and achieved great success as the maker of Chilliest. Mary Anderson was granted her first patent for a window cleaning device in November 1903. Her invention could clean snow, rain, or sleet from a windshield by using a handle inside the car.
Sunday, April 19, 2020
Typical Day at Work free essay sample
I was a sales director in the average website. I managed a small sales team. My team consisted of about 10 persons. I started my typical day to check my inbox. I had to decide which cases were important for immediate response. After then, I used to check our sales targets. With this knowledge, I started meeting with my sales team. Usually, I used to discuss problems in achieving sales targets. Next I had the meeting with the GEO (who was the owner of the company too). Due to working in the IT business, we usually used Skype for video-conference. I reported him our sales results and asked for support if I needed it. The second part of a day was dedicated to meetings with the main clients. I offered new services in these meetings. Also, I use to make contact with clients who had complained and we discussed problems with the services. We will write a custom essay sample on Typical Day at Work or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Usually, meetings with prospective clients were the duties of my staff. Sometimes, if it was a very important prospective client, I did it as well. My favorite thing about this job was meeting with my staff. It was a group of very young and creative people. I liked to support my team and helped to solve problems. I didnââ¬â¢t like to solve customer complaints. Our clients usually wanted more services for less money and it was always in danger of losing clients and income. In the future, I would like to do this kind of job. I love sales and have to deal with challenges of this type.
Sunday, March 15, 2020
The Key Dimensions of Quality
The Key Dimensions of Quality Introduction Over time, several debates have been conducted by various scholars to aptly define quality. In essence, quality is a simple concept. However, there are many dynamics and aspects that are variably used by scholars to pin-point the exact meaning of quality. It is for this reason that quality means different things to different people and countless of debates are still ongoing to find an aptly fitting definition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Key Dimensions of Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For the purpose of this paper, quality will be generally, yet representatively inclusive, defined as the ability of a product or service to meet the expected needs of its clients (Pereira, 2008). In this definition, several vital aspects such as performance, perceived quality, value and aesthetic value have to be put into consideration. It is with this- and many other reasons in mind- that this paper seek s to define the key aspects of quality. In doing so, fitting examples from the field of Human Resource Management (HRM) will be used to exemplify each of the defined dimensions Performance According to Seidel et al. (2009), performance simply refers to the assessment of whether a product or service has performed as it is purposed to do. In assessing performance, an evaluation has to be done on the strengths and weaknesses of the product or service then an overall rating is done as to whether it performed or not. For example, in HR Management, performance can be measured by assessing whether the workers of a company served its clients appropriately. From a managerial perspective, performance majorly entails profitability by the company, satisfaction of clients and satisfaction of the workers (Pilbeam Corbridge, 2006). Features Just like the name suggests, features refer to the specific attributes, traits or characteristics of a product or service that enables it to serve its intende d purpose (Gibbs, 2010). Other than enabling a product or service to serve its purpose in terms of performance, features also play the irreplaceable role of defining a particular product or service in aspects such as brand management. A good example of such is the difference in features of phones from companies like Nokia, Apple and Samsung. For efficacy in HR Management, there has to be close coordination between the managers, workers and clients so that products and services are tailored with the appropriate features that meet the needs of the target market (Seidel et al., 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reliability With regards to HR Management, reliability emphasizes on the trustworthiness or dependability of a product of service over a given period of time. In assessing the quality, a product or service must be able to perform as is required over a give n period of time while intermittently being able to avoid unnecessary brake-downs, failures and down-times (Gibbs, 2010). For example, reliability of a HR manager can be assessed by his ability to perform his duties in a dependable way over a particular duration. Just like features, reliability goes a long way in portraying a company image thus should be keenly considered by those in charge of quality issues in the company. Conformance This dimension of quality answers the question; does a product or service conform to the required features or specifications? Conformance can be based on various aspects of quality. For example, some products or services are specifically designed to conform to reliability whereas others are simply for performance. In HR Management, conformance is sometimes used to refer to the ability of a product or service to match up with the requirements in the market (Bratton Gold, 2007). For instance, based on the ever increasing relevance and importance of IT (Information and Technology) issues in todayââ¬â¢s business-oriented world; most recruitment personnel in companies have made it mandatory for the prospective workers to have basic knowledge in IT. In this regard, the need to have IT-compliant workers is viewed as a form of compliance to the elemental importance of knowledge in IT. Durability In most occasions, durability is viewed as a subset of reliability. This is majorly based on the relevance of the aspect of time. However, unlike reliability which stresses more-or-less on performance, durability is chiefly concerned with the quality of a product or service based on its ability to function effectively and last over a long period of time. Additionally, durability strongly considers issues such as tare and ware of a product. The durability of a product hugely determines crucial aspects of quality such as warranty. As a general rule, products or services that are durable tend to have longer warranties than those with less durab ility. Based on such knowledge on durability, HR Managers can easily tailor their products and services to be durable so as to attract and retain as many customers as possible (Pilbeam Corbridge, 2006). Serviceability Serviceability simply refers to the ease in maintenance of a product or service. Most products that are reliable and durable witness less functionality and performance problems thus easily serviceable. It is worth noting that, based on their simplistic features or components, some products are easy to maintain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Key Dimensions of Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, vehicles tend to be more difficult to service when compared to motorcycles. This ease or difficulty of product maintenance is also referred to as serviceability. For HR Managers, serviceability is not only vital in terms of maintenance and repair of products for performance of these produ cts but it also helps in cost-efficacy since well maintained products are less faulty thus less need to incur costs in repairing or maintaining them. Aesthetics Aesthetics refer to the outward beauty of a product or service. In todayââ¬â¢s world, beauty plays an important role in marketing of products or services. It is based on this reason that HR Managers in most, if not all, companies usually strive to create aesthetic products and services attract clients (Gibbs, 2010). Tare and ware often destroys the aesthetic value of a product. It is during such instances that aspects of quality such as serviceability come in handy in-terms of conducting maintenance and repairs. Perceived Quality The manner in which human beings perceive things greatly determines how they get to deal with day-to-day endeavors. Aptly put in the words of Pereira (2008), ââ¬Å"perception is realityâ⬠, in other words, our perceptions determine our realities. Needless to say, different people perceive di fferent things in different ways based on differences in cultures, beliefs or even religious backgrounds. These differences hugely determine how these people interpret the quality of certain products or services. For example, conservative societies tend to appreciate ââ¬Å"decentâ⬠clothing like full dresses for women. In the permissive societies, decency plays a very minor role and thatââ¬â¢s the reason women in such societies can get to walk in the streets with very exposing clothes in the name of fashion. Consequently, HR Managers should preliminarily be aware of the perceptions of their clients. Once they have firm background knowledge on the people targeted by their products and services, it will be relatively easy to serve them fittingly. Value In most instances, value and quality are often used synonymously and interchangeably since they tend to refer to the same thing. The value of a product or service is usually based on almost all the dimensions of quality that ha ve been discussed above. The distinguishing feature that separates value from quality is that, in a good number of instances, value hugely relies on individual perceptions and the sentimental or emotional element of products or services. On the other hand, quality tends to be a combination of all the aforementioned aspects balanced in a more-or-less universally accepted way. Over time, HR Managers have been able to study the perceptions and values of individuals or groups of people in regards to quality and it has been found that the value of a product can be easily created by market controllers when compared to other aspects such as durability. Through such mechanisms, products or services whose quality is spiraling downwards can be easily rejuvenated by these HR Managers (Adams Goldbard, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion From the discussions above, it is eminently evident that all the key dimensions discussed herein are interrelated in one way or another. The success of one dimension hugely determines the success of the other. So, if overall efficacy is to be witnessed in terms of quality of products or services, HR Managers, and other concerned parties, must find a way of ensuring that all these dimensions of quality are equally facilitated. References Adams, D., Goldbard, A. (2002). Community, culture and globalization. New York: Rockefeller Foundation. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2007). Human resource management: theory and practice (4th ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Gibbs, G. (2010). Dimensions of quality. Retrieved from http://uadm.uu.se/digitalAssets/91/a_91639-f_Dimensions-of-Quality.pdf Pereira, R. (2008). 8 dimensions of quality. Web. Pilbeam, S., Corbridge, M. (2006). People resourcing: contemporary hrm in practice. London, UK: Prentice Hall. Seidel, S., Tishman, S., Winn er, E., Hetland, L., Palmer, P. (2009). The qualities of quality: Understanding excellence in arts education. Retrieved from https://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/Documents/Understanding-Excellence-in-Arts-Education.pdf
Thursday, February 27, 2020
E-marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
E-marketing Plan - Essay Example The company then put together a lot of tips and tricks to help find the perfect swimsuit for their shape. The company hopes that in the future they would continue to grow and promote a healthier outlook on what beauty really is and help one find something that is right, just for them (ââ¬ËSwimwear Galore-About us.ââ¬â¢ 2014). The website also show that swimwear industry is among the most fancied industries across the globe with the players fetching fabulous returns from the sale of the leisure costumes. The swimwear market has been projected to be among the most valued enterprises in the globe in the near future as swimming is increasingly being appreciated as a healthy, leisure activity across the globe. Popularity of the activity is therefore perceived as among the most influencing factor to the glowing market awareness of the swimwear. Besides, increased innovation in fashion in the industry is contributing towards market growth and especially so to the young generation (â⠬ËSwimwear Galore-About us.ââ¬â¢ 2014). In Australia for instance, the strong sporting culture as well as beach culture has influenced much on the growth of the fashion industry especially as concerns the swimwear and such designs (Austrade, 2014). The fashion designs in Australia on the swimwear are effective in representing changes over time in customs, tastes as well as on international trends according to the website. The main brand in the industry within Australia has been and continues to be Speedo with such others as Quiksilver, Rip curl as well as Billabong companies sharing on the market segment remaining. The industry has however evolved to become very competitive with such other swimwear brands like the Wahine, AussieBum as well as Funky Trunks commanding great influence in the industry (Austrade, 2014). Swimwear galore however continues to influence trends in the
Tuesday, February 11, 2020
Strategic Innovation In Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Strategic Innovation In Marketing - Essay Example Following the theory of Pasa and Shugan (1996. pp379), every large and established organization should hire specialist marketing expertise to reduce the risk of mistakes in marketing process thus leading to large damages due to sheer size. The author wishes to discuss some examples of such mistakes that a large & stable organization can commit in absence of specialist marketing expertise. What should be the knowledge & skills, style of working, mentoring and risk-taking attitude of the marketing specialist in order to avoid the risks of mistakes discussed herewith? This is the first set of discussion points proposed by the author. Woodman and Sawyer et al. (1993. pp309-310) presented "enablers" of innovation and creativity in an organization that finally leads to organization-wide creativity. These enablers have been mentioned. The author hereby proposes to discuss how these enablers can be planned and implemented in an organization. Does this require specialist & dedicated skills in an organization ââ¬â like knowledge managers? This is the second set of discussion points proposed by the author. Connor (1999. pp1157-1158) justified that short-term strategies essentially are customer oriented and long-term strategies are essentially market-oriented. The author proposes a discussion to justify this. Is this classification applicable on retail markets only or else they are applicable in markets requiring long-term project or service engagements? This is the third set of discussion points proposed by the author.... They proved their hypotheses stating that organization can benefit out of individual creative performance if the group norms support open sharing of information, high risk taking behaviours, reward systems, and employment of organic organizational designs like matrix, collateral group structures, etc. The researchers argued that organizations can benefit out of the innovations and creative thinking by establishing "Enhancers" that promote them in the individuals & groups - like culture, strategy, structure, resources, rewards, funds, technology, etc. Professor Stephen Brown advocates for use of creativity techniques within an organization like brainstorming (group level), brain mapping (individual level), visualization, attribute listing, etc. Professor Stephen Brown argues that the innovators should imagine needs of customers that are not yet tapped and imagine new innovative offerings that can fulfill them. Connor (1999. pp1157-1158) argues that the innovations should be a mix of short term strategies as well as long term strategies whereby short term strategies are customer oriented and long term strategies are market oriented. They argued that companies should establish both customer oriented and market oriented strategies. This makes the innovation paradigm more complex as the output need to be an "innovation mix" for the business that can vary with the type of orientation being addressed. Companies with long term planning may be developing more innovative ideas but they cannot survive just by thinking long term as the show will carry on with the help of short term strategies. Professor Stephen Brown was largely criticizing the customer orientation whereby
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